Table 2. Luna vs. Apollo: Side-by-side lunar observations and interpretations

Observation Mission Values / Observations References
Mare basalt Titanium content Luna Low-Ti basalts: 1–3.4 wt% TiO₂ Luna 16/24; Heiken et al. (1991); Kocharov & Viktorov (1974); Jolliff et al. (2000)
Apollo High-Ti basalts: 6–13 wt% TiO₂ Apollo 11/17; Snyder et al. (1992)
Regolith density Luna Surface: 0.8 ± 0.1 g/cm³ at 1–5 cm / Depth: ~1.2 g/cm³ at 35 cm Luna 13; Cherkasov et al. (1968)
Apollo Surface: 1.3 ± 0.2 g/cm³ 1–15 cm / Depth: 1.5–1.6 g/cm³ at 30–60 cm Apollo deep drill cores; Carrier et al. (1991)
Magnetic fields Luna Strong local anomalies: 20–30 nT at meter scale (Le Monnier) Lunokhod 2 traverses; Dolginov et al. (1977)
Apollo Weak orbital fields: < 1 nT; surface varies: Apollo 12 ~37 nT, Apollo 15 ~4.5 nT, Apollo 16 ~232 nT Hood et al. (1979)
Dust/horizon glow Luna Natural motion: 10%–20% sky brightness enhancement Lunokhod 2; Severny et al. (1975)
Apollo Dust mobilized by astronauts Apollo LEAM; Rennilson & Criswell (1974).
LEAM, Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites experiment.